Are you bringing home a beautiful betta fish or struggling to keep your current one healthy? The truth about betta care might be different than you think, and getting it right is key to a long, happy life for your fish. Betta keeping requires consistent care. It demands attention and suitable conditions for your betta to thrive.

Just as betta fish brings elegance to your room, it needs care and attention equally. Many betta keepers misunderstand betta care as merely feeding the fish; however, it is a broad term that includes maintaining a suitable environment, ensuring crucial water parameters, understanding their behavior, and providing them proper nutrition.

Proper betta fish care can be challenging for beginners. We’re talking here about proper care because even a small mistake or negligence can cause your finned-friend to suffer or even die.

I have faced a lot of issues while keeping my bettas—my lack of knowledge and research led to their suffering. This experience turned my infatuation into a dedication to apprehending their needs and providing the best care for other betta enthusiasts.

This comprehensive guide cuts through the confusion and outdated advice, providing you with the essential knowledge to create a thriving environment for your betta.

Get ready to become a truly excellent betta parent!

Keep your Betta Healthy

As a responsible betta keeper, you should thoroughly understand the possible diseases that can affect betta fish. Rather than treating your sick betta fish, it’s better to prevent it from getting sick in the first place.

Betta care commences when you go to the store and choose the one to purchase. The first thing to do is to check the health of fish before buying it. One might find it challenging to identify a sick betta fish as a beginner. The behavior and appearance of the betta reflect its health.

To identify any signs of illness, closely observe the fish’s behavior before buying it and even at regular intervals while keeping it. To detect disease earlier, you must look for changes in your betta fish’s behavior, appetite, or physical appearance. Here are some common symptoms of a sick and healthy betta fish.

Signs of a Healthy Betta

• Active and curious.
• Bright, consistent coloration.
• Clear eyes.
• Intact fins (no tearing or fraying).
• Eats eagerly at feeding time.
• Smooth body with no spots or growths.

Common Betta Illnesses and Symptoms

• Fin Rot: Frayed, decaying fins.
• Ich (White Spot Disease): Small white spots on body/fins.
• Bloat/Dropsy: Swollen abdomen, scales sticking out (pinecone appearance).
• Velvet: Dusty, yellowish or rust-colored coating on body.
• Swim Bladder Disease: Difficulty swimming, floating or sinking
• Popeye: Eye swelling or bulging.
• Fungal Infections: White, cottony growths.

Common Betta Behaviors

Bettas also exhibit some common behaviors which are not actually the signs of a sick betta fish. These manners reflect the mode and health of betta fish. You must know about these behaviors.

Betta Fish Tank Requirements

Creating a perfect tank environment and understanding your betta fish’s needs is crucial for their health and happiness. To ensure your betta thrives, you must start with proper tank requirements. This guide will walk you through everything your betta fish needs in their tank, imitating the conditions governed by their natural habitats.

Tank Size

The journey of caring for a betta fish begins with choosing the right-sized tank. Taking care of it is pretty easy if you start correctly. Setting up the right size tank is like creating the perfect habitat for your betta. A tank is not just a water storage; it’s a dwelling place and, even more, a home for your betta. An ideal tank allows for proper monitoring of everything inside it, which is essential for optimal betta fish care.

The most recommended size for a betta fish is 5 gallons, while 2.5 is the absolute minimum. The smaller the tank, the more maintenance it requires. Therefore, we recommend a larger tank (at least 5-10 gallons), so your betta has more space to swim and explore. Never keep a betta in tiny bowls; it will degrade your pal’s health. Discover essential insights about the perfect tank size for your betta fish on our blog.

Water

Once you have chosen an appropriate size tank for your fishy friend, it’s time to put water in it. To ensure the health and well-being of betta fish, you should ensure the water meets the following optimal conditions.

Temperature

Bettas are tropical fish and thrive in warmer temperatures. Keep their water temperature between 78-82°F (25-28°C) to match with that of their natural habitats. Never let their temperature drop below 70°F or go beyond 84°F for extended periods. While bettas can survive in cooler temperatures, they are more susceptible to diseases in a cold environment and may not thrive, which can ultimately shorten their lifespan.

Use a heater that matches your tank size to maintain the ideal water temperature. You can go with any heater that works best for you. However, our expertise says that adjustable heaters are more efficient than preset ones. They allow you to set the temperature manually, ideal for tanks where precise control is needed.

If you are a beginner and find working with heaters difficult, use the preset ones that automatically maintain a set temperature. To ensure even heating throughout the tank, use fully submerged heaters placed horizontally or vertically.

To accurately measure the temperature of your tank water, use a reliable thermometer.

PH Level

Betta fish are resilient and can thrive in pH levels ranging from 6 to 9 but cannot tolerate sudden fluctuations. In the wild, bettas thrive in slightly acidic water, where the ideal pH is around 6.8.

You should struggle to maintain a consistent pH value, not to achieve the exact value. For example, you can choose a stable pH of 7 and keep it consistent rather than constantly adjusting to reach exactly 6.8 or any other specific number. A pH value out of the range affects biological processes and ammonia toxicity.

Ammonia, Nitrate and Nitrite Levels

Keep the nitrate levels below 20 ppm, and ideally, ammonia and nitrite levels should be 0 ppm as they are toxic for betta fish. Ammonia is not toxic itself; it makes the water unclear and foggy. Nitrite is highly toxic, prevents oxygen uptake.

Keep testing the water regularly to monitor the levels. If any of these levels get high, perform regular water changes to keep them within the appropriate range. When doing water changes, use Seachem Prime to neutralize the ammonia.

Water Hardness

Bettas prefer soft to moderately hard water but can live in the broader hardness range between 5-20 dGH. The ideal range for general hardness (GH) is between 30-120 ppm or 1.7-6.7 GH. GH measures general hardness, the high concentration of which means more minerals like calcium and magnesium may build up in tanks, making it hard to get rid of them.

Betta tank water should also be monitored for carbonate hardness (KH), ideally within the range of 80-120 ppm or 4.5-6.7 KH.

Remember, don’t let your water hardness drop below 3 GH or 50 ppm, as this will significantly fluctuate the water pH. Above all, what matters the most is the consistency of these parameters instead of achieving a specific number.

Use a water hardness kit to measure the hardness of your tank water. If it is outside the recommended range, add soft water to dilute it. You can also reduce the hardness by adding Indian Almond Leaves and Alder Cones to the hardened water. The one we generally use for its effectiveness and having wide range of applications is JNW Direct Hardness kit on Amazon.

Water Conditioners

Water conditioners are strongly recommended for betta tanks as they remove chlorine, chloramine, and heavy metals from the water. Our team uses Prime by Seachem (check it on Amazon) for its efficiency and effectiveness. In addition to removing chlorine and chloramine, it also detoxifies ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate.

There is strong evidence when we recommend Prime. Chloramine is formed when chlorine is combined with ammonia. The other conditioners break down the chloramine into chlorine and ammonia. Prime is highly recommended for detoxifying the resulting ammonia, as no other conditioner works as effectively. 1ml of Prime is enough for 10 gallons of water, making it very economical. Use a syringe to measure the dose, maintaining a 1:10 ratio of Prime to water.

Another product, Amquel Plus, is generally preferred for smaller tanks and bowls, but it’s less effective than Prime Seachem. API Tap Water Conditioner (check it on Amazon) is also popular among betta keepers who use only chlorine and chloramine.

When choosing the water conditioner and its dosage, consider the size of your tank and the amount of chloramine or chlorine. Always follow the instructions labeled on the product to ensure its proper use.

We are able to condition water without using specific water conditioners. To do so, fill the tank with tap water and run the aquarium filter and air pump for 24-48 hours. This aeration process speeds up the aeration of chlorine, resulting in de-chlorinated water.

Filtration

A filter keeps the aquarium water clean and clear by removing waste, uneaten food, and other debris from the water. If not removed, these can produce harmful chemicals like ammonia and nitrite, which are toxic to bettas. Additionally, a betta tank filter increases the oxygen level by aerating the water.

Adding an air stone and filter is another option to improve oxygenation, so your betta won’t need to move to the surface as frequently. Filters that produce a gentle flow are best for bettas, as they prefer calm and slow-flowing water. Sponge filters are particularly effective for this purpose. The Aquaneat Bio Sponge filter is easy to install which can be used for up to 10 gallons.

Light

For several reasons, artificial or natural light is necessary for betta fish tanks. It helps regulate bettas’ circadian (24-hour cycle) rhythm, mimicking the natural day-night cycle of their habitats. Light is also necessary for live plants in the tank, as they require it for photosynthesis.

However, avoid exposing your tank to direct light into your tank as this can promote algae growth and raise the tank temperature to undesirable levels. If you have no possible arrangements for exposing your betta tank to sunlight, using artificial light is recommended, which allows you to control—when the light is on during the day and off at night. For better light management, buy a timer for the aquarium light to ensure proper control.

There are many opinions on the color of aquarium lighting, but avoid bright-colored lights as they can create an irritating glare in the tank. I prefer blue LED lights (Check it on Amazon), as they enhance the vibrant colors of betta fish, making them more visually appealing. Step further by experimenting with different light colors to find the one that makes your fish happy and comfortable.

Tank Mates

Betta fish, especially males, are widely recognized for their aggressiveness, making living with other aggressive fish or inhabitants difficult. Therefore, while choosing the tank mates for a betta, it’s essential to consider its personality and compatibility with other fish species. Here are some key considerations while choosing tank mates for bettas:

• Avoid fin-nipping species or those that can stress the betta.
• Select the fish mates that can survive in water conditions similar to those of bettas.
• Ensure the tank is large enough to provide ample space for swimming and exploring.
• Never put two male bettas in the same tank, as they will fight.
• Ensure plenty of hiding spots and plants help betta create territories and mimic the betta’s natural habitat.

Female bettas are generally less aggressive than males; therefore, they can live in community tanks and groups with other female bettas. Introduce new tank mates gradually and monitor the tank for signs of aggression or stress.

Adding Plants

Plants are a superb addition to betta aquariums, creating a more natural and familiar habitat for bettas. They also enhance the beauty of the tank and add variety, making it more attractive to view. Plants help keep the water clean and toxins-free by absorbing nitrates and other waste products. Adding live plants can reduce stress and promote the natural behaviors of the betta fish.

Some easy-to-care live plants are Anubias, Java Fern, Java Moss, and Marimo Moss Balls. Floating plants are also an excellent choice if you aim to control algae growth and enhance the tank’s aesthetics. If you are a busy betta owner who hardly finds time to care for live plants, consider adding silk plants instead. They are affordable and require no maintenance once placed in the tank.

Decorations

Decorations are a magnificent and sometimes crucial addition to betta aquariums. Incorporating them into the betta tank is essential as they add aesthetic appeal and practical benefits. The most recommended décor options are substrate (such as gravel, sand, organic soil, rocks, and marble), driftwood, and background. Each of these options has specific requirements and is recommended for unique cases.

Here are some key points to consider when decorating a betta fish tank:

• Don’t overcrowd the tank to provide adequate swimming space for your bettas.
• Don’t use sharp or metallic elements to prevent the betta fins from damage and injury.
• Don’t use decorations with coating; they will leach toxins into the tank water.
• Use colorful décor to create a visually appealing environment.
• Always rinse decorations properly before placing them in the tank to remove any debris or residue.

Feeding the Betta

To properly feed your betta, it’s essential to understand their wild nutritional habits. In the wild, bettas eat insects, bloodworms, and larvae. They also prey on organisms such as shrimp, mosquitoes, earthworms, grasshoppers, and blue-green algae. These examples show that bettas are natural carnivores and prefer protein-rich foods. Bloodworms, daphnia, micro-worms (preferred for young bettas), mosquito larvae, and brine shrimp are excellent protein sources serving as betta fish’s meat. Frozen foods are another good option as they contain vitamins that help with disease resistance.

We generally recommend feeding bettas specially formulated pellets as they are nutritionally balanced and mimic betta’s natural dietary habits. Feed only small amounts that can be eaten within 2-3 minutes, once or twice a day to reduce water pollution. It also helps prevent overfeeding, which is one of the most common causes of health issues like bloating, constipation, and swim bladder disorder.

Always consider your betta’s appetite and health while feeding them, as it can stress the betta and lead to health problems. The key to a healthy diet for your betta is to provide a variety of foods and maintain a balanced diet.

Not all bettas have the same appetite or metabolism. Some may do well with one feeding per day, while others may benefit from two smaller feedings. Monitor:

• Your betta’s activity level and body condition.
• Water parameters (especially ammonia and nitrate levels).
• Uneaten food or cloudy water are signs you may be overfeeding.

Conclusion

If I summarize the above description for your easy understanding, the must-have items that betta fish need are:

1. 1. 1. Right-size betta fish tank
      2. Heater and thermometer
      3. Filter
      4. Water conditioner/de-chlorinator
      5. Substrate
      6. Hiding places
      7. Décor items
      8. Substrate
      9. Tank light
      10. Water test kit
      11. Air pump, check valve, control valve
      12. High-quality food
      13. Tank lid

Additional Things to Do

There are a few additional considerations you should take into account for proper betta care.

Cool and Household Things to be Put in Betta Tank

1. Glass items, i.e., marbles
2. Ceramic mugs
3. Betta toys, i.e., ping-pong balls
4. Background posters

What Not to Put in the Betta Tank

Above is the list of things that need to be put in the betta fish tank. Don’t recklessly put anything in your betta tank that is not suggested by aquarists. Here’s a list of things that should not be put in the tank.

1. Sharp decorations as it can injure your betta fins
2. Aggressive tank mates
3. Chemicals that could degrade water quality
4. Soaps, paints, or adhesives
5. Metallic items that get rusted

Cleaning Betta Fish Tank

Your betta aquarium is like a complex home for fish and other essentials such as plants, decorations, water, and substrate. Over time, the aquarium also gets dirty, and residue builds up, requiring regular cleaning. Cleaning helps remove waste, uneaten food, and other debris that can pollute the water and stress your betta. Without proper cleaning, the tank can become a reservoir for harmful substances like ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates, which can cause severe health issues for your betta.

Also read our article on self-cleaning betta fish tanks.

Get Rid of Fish Tank Smell

Organic waste like uneaten food, fish waste (urine and feces), decaying plants, dead snails or fish, and dirty substrates can contribute to a smelly fish tank. These wastes can also foster the growth of cyanobacteria, which produces a distinctive odor. To eliminate these odors, you should do regular water changes to remove organic waste and prevent the buildup of odor-causing bacteria.

Additionally, ensure thorough cleaning of substrate and decorations, as food particles can accumulate in their pores. I use a gravel vacuum during water changes to extract the wastes trapped in the gravel. Good air circulation around the tank reduces stagnant water and further odor buildup. Activated carbon in the filters, which has proven highly effective in my experience, is an effective method to maintain a fresh environment in the tank and absorb odors.

Keep Your Betta Fish Happy

Ensuring your betta fish’s happiness is crucial in your journey of caring for them. There are various effective ways to make them happy, such as playing with your betta and providing toys for entertainment. To keep your betta fish entertained, consider the following instructions based on my experience.

• Create hiding spots where your betta feels safe and secure.
• Provide specific tank toys like floating mirrors or ping-pong balls for them to interact with.
• Occasionally, change decorations or add new plants to keep the environment changing so your betta does not get bored.
• Stimulate and keep your betta engaged by adjusting the tank lighting and flow.

For interactive play with betta fish, try these steps.

• Introduce caves or bubblers in the tank.
• Keep pet cats in betta’s aquarium room, as it is fun for betta to observe them through the tank glass.
• I engage my betta by moving the finger along the glass, which follows it attentively.

These steps are necessary to keep your betta fish happy and entertained, but also ensure that you have followed all the caring tips for your betta’s effective and ultimate happiness.